The northern coast of the Sea of Marmara was struck by a major earthquake on 23 September 1063. It caused serious damage to the towns of Panion (Barbaros), Myriophyton (Mürefte) and Rhaedestus (Tekirdag). Significant damage was also reported from Constantinople, further east along the northern coast, and at Cyzicus (Erdek) on the southern coast. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.15 on the moment magnitude scale (Mw) and the shaking reached a maximum of IX (Violent) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale {MMI}. The earthquake was recorded by Michael Attaleiates, the Byzantine chronicler, who was living in Constantinople at the time.
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