In August 1212, the major Andalusian city of Úbeda was besieged and captured by an army of crusaders led by Alfonso VIII of Castile. The conquest came as an aftermath of the victory at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. The Muslim inhabitants of the town negotiated a peaceful surrender of the town to which Alfonso initially agreed. However, the other leaders of the crusade persuaded him to abandon the agreement and sack the city, leading to a violent massacre and mass enslavement of the inhabitants.
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