Battle of Giglio
1241 CE.
Shown on the map at 43.548°, 10.219°.
The naval Battle of Giglio, also known as the Battle of Montecristo, was fought on 3 May 1241 between a combined Imperial, Sicilian and Pisan fleet and a Genoese squadron carrying high-ranking ecclesiastical delegates to a council summoned at Rome by Pope Gregory IX. The engagement took place in the Tyrrhenian Sea between Montecristo and Giglio and ended in a decisive victory for the forces of Emperor Frederick II. The battle formed one of the most dramatic episodes of the second war between Frederick and Gregory IX. The papal council had become potentially decisive in a conflict that had expanded far beyond the original dispute over the Lombard League: Gregory sought the collective support of the western Church and the European monarchies against the excommunicated emperor, while Frederick regarded the proposed assembly as a partisan tribunal capable of supplying ecclesiastical and political legitimacy for his deposition.
Text from the Wikipedia article Battle of Giglio, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.