Battle of Shelon
1471 CE.
Shown on the map at 58.200°, 30.767°.
The Battle of Shelon (Russian: Шелонская битва, romanized: Shelonskaya bitva) was a decisive battle between the forces of the Grand Principality of Moscow under Ivan III (r. 1462–1505) and the Novgorod Republic, which took place on the Shelon River on 14 July 1471. Although Novgorod traditionally recognized the authority of the Russian grand princes, relations between Moscow and Novgorod deteriorated in the 15th century over issues relating to autonomy. The pro-Lithuanian faction in Novgorod also grew stronger during this period. Following Novgorod's invitation of the Lithuanian prince Mikhailo Olelkovich, Ivan III accused Novgorod of betraying the Orthodox faith and violating the Treaty of Yazhelbitsy, signed in 1456. Novgorod suffered a major defeat and the city became subordinate to Moscow, although its autonomy and republican institutions remained intact. Novgorod was then formally annexed by Moscow in 1478. The incorporation of Novgorod marked an important step in Moscow's process of establishing dominance over the Russian lands.
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