Battle of Salamanca
1812 CE.
Shown on the map at 40.889°, -5.625°.
The Battle of Salamanca (in French and Spanish known as the Battle of the Arapiles) took place on 22 July 1812. An Anglo-Portuguese army under the Earl of Wellington (future Duke of Wellington) defeated Marshal Auguste Marmont's French forces at Arapiles, south of Salamanca, Spain, during the Peninsular War. A Spanish division was also present but took no part in the battle. In his analysis of the Salamanca campaign, author Rory Muir (2001) emphasizes that the quality of Wellington's Anglo-Portuguese Army was moderately superior to Marmont's; this was determined by the Anglo-Portuguese infantry and, notably, cavalry. The difference in the quality of the infantry, however, was "not overwhelming". The French artillery was more numerous – 78 cannon against 62 – but "this was more than offset" by the strength of Wellington's cavalry, both more numerous and more skilled. Good discipline and morale were present in the Anglo-Portuguese Army, which underwent training and reorganization between 1809 and 1812. Constant warfare took its toll on the French soldiers.
Text from the Wikipedia article Battle of Salamanca, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.