Battle of Caloocan
1899 CE.
Shown on the map at 14.650°, 120.967°.
The Battle of Caloocan was fought on February 10, 1899 between American forces under the command of Major General Arthur MacArthur Jr. and Filipino forces led by Brigadier-general Antonio Luna. One of the opening engagements of the Philippine–American War, the battle resulted in the Americans capturing the city of Caloocan from the Filipinos as part of an offensive planned and led by MacArthur. Occurring only five days after the American victory at Manila on February 5, the engagement once again demonstrated the military superiority that the American military held over the Philippine Republican Army. However, it was not the decisive strike that MacArthur had hoped for, and the war continued for another three years. From 1896 to 1898, Filipino revolutionaries led by the Katipunan waged the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule. Despite providing assistance to the revolutionaries, the United States decided to annex the Philippines in the 1898 Treaty of Paris. On February 4, American troops fired on a Filipino detachment, sparking war between the U.S. and the newly-established Philippine Republic.
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