Battle of Mount Qi
231 CE.
Shown on the map at 33.396°, 104.919°.
The Battle of Mount Qi (祁山之戰), also known as the Battle of Lucheng (鹵城之戰), was a military conflict which took place around Mount Qi and Lucheng (in present-day southeastern Gansu) between the states of Cao Wei and Shu Han in 231 during the Three Kingdoms period of China. It was the fourth of Zhuge Liang's five Northern Expeditions. During this campaign, the Shu regent Zhuge Liang achieved significant tactical victories, including a major defeat of the Wei commander Sima Yi at Lucheng and the killing of the veteran Wei general Zhang He in an ambush. However, the campaign ultimately resulted in a strategic Wei victory, as continuous heavy rainfall disrupted the Shu supply lines, forcing Zhuge Liang to retreat. The campaign is also notable for the first military use of the "Wooden ox" (木牛) by Shu forces to transport supplies, and the subsequent political downfall of the Shu minister Li Yan due to his logistical failures.
Text from the Wikipedia article Battle of Mount Qi, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.