Posidonius (; Ancient Greek: Ποσειδώνιος Poseidṓnios; "of Apamea" (ὁ Ἀπαμεύς) or "of Rhodes" (ὁ Ῥόδιος); c. 135 – c. 51 BC) was a Greek politician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, historian, mathematician, and teacher native to Apamea, Syria. He was considered the most learned man of his time and, possibly, of the entire Stoic school.
After a period learning Stoic philosophy from Panaetius in Athens, he spent many years in travel and scientific researches in Spain, Africa, Italy, Gaul, Liguria, Sicily, and on the eastern shores of the Adriatic. He settled as a teacher in Rhodes, where his fame attracted numerous scholars.
Next to Panaetius he did most, by writings and personal lectures, to spread Stoicism to the Roman world, and he became well known to many leading men, including Pompey and Cicero.
His works are now lost, but they proved a mine of information to later writers. The titles and subjects of more than twenty of them are known.
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