Peseshet (2500–2500 BCE)
Born 2500 BCE, died 2500 BCE.
Peseshet, who lived under the Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (albeit a date in the Fifth Dynasty is also possible), is often credited with being the earliest known female physician in history. Some have credited Merit-Ptah with being the first female physician, but she is likely a fictional creation based upon Peseshet. Peseshet’s relevant title was "lady overseer of the female physicians," but whether she was a physician herself is uncertain. She also had the titles king's acquaintance, and overseer of funerary-priests of the king's mother. She is believed to have had a son Akhethetep, in whose mastaba at Giza her personal false door was found. However, the mother-son relation of Akhethetep and Peseshet is not confirmed by any inscription. On the false door is also depicted a man called Kanefer. He might be her husband. Akhethetep and Kanefer were both high-ranking individuals who lived during the fourth dynasty of Egypt and served as officers. She may have graduated midwives at an ancient Egyptian medical school in Sais. Peseshet is a basic hero in a novel "The doctor-accoucheur" by Sofeiya.
Text from the Wikipedia article Peseshet, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.