Carsten Niebuhr, or Karsten Niebuhr (17 March 1733 Lüdingworth – 26 April 1815 Meldorf, Dithmarschen), was a German mathematician, cartographer, and explorer in the service of Denmark-Norway. He is renowned for participating in the Danish Arabia Expedition (1761–1767) and for publishing the first Hausa language vocabulary in Latin script, in collaboration with the Tripolitan diplomat Abd al-Rahman Aga.
He was the father of the Danish-German statesman and historian Barthold Georg Niebuhr, who published an account of his father's life in 1817.
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