Aleksey Aleksandrovich Shakhmatov (Russian: Алексе́й Алекса́ндрович Ша́хматов, 17 June [O.S. 5 June] 1864 – 16 August 1920) was a Russian philologist and historian credited with laying the foundations for the science of textology. Shakhmatov held the title of Doctor of Russian language and philology (since 1894). He was a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (before 1917 the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences) since 1899 and a chair of the Department of Russian language and philology of the Academy of Sciences (1908–1920), a member of the Constitutional Democratic Party (1905) and the Russian Empire State Council (1906–1911).
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