Alexander Bogdanov (1873–1928)
Born 1873 CE, died 1928 CE.
Alexander Aleksandrovich Bogdanov (Russian: Александр Александрович Богданов; 22 August 1873 [O.S. 10 August] – 7 April 1928), born Alexander Malinovsky, was a Russian and later Soviet physician, philosopher, science fiction writer, and Bolshevik revolutionary. He was a polymath who pioneered blood transfusion, as well as general systems theory, and made important contributions to cybernetics. He was a key figure in the early history of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, originally established 1898, and of its Bolshevik faction. In 1904–1906, he published three volumes of the philosophic treatise Empiriomonizm (Empiriomonism), in which he tried to merge Marxism with the philosophy of Ernst Mach, Wilhelm Ostwald, and Richard Avenarius. His work later affected a number of Russian Marxist theoreticians, including Nikolai Bukharin and Dov Ber Borochov. Bogdanov co-founded the Bolsheviks in 1903, when they split with the Menshevik faction. He was a rival within the Bolsheviks to Vladimir Lenin (1870–1924), Lenin concentrated on undermining Bogdanov's reputation as a philosopher.
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