Nikolai Kardashev (1932–2019)

Born 1932 CE, died 2019 CE.

Nikolai Semyonovich Kardashev (25 April 1932 – 3 August 2019) was a Soviet and Russian astrophysicist best known for the Kardashev scale, which measures a civilization's status in technological evolution based on the amount of energy it is capable of harnessing and using. He was also the deputy director of the Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Text from the Wikipedia article Nikolai_Kardashev, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Nikolai Kardashev (1932–2019)

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