Nicholas I (820–867)
Born 820 CE, died 867 CE.
Pope Nicholas I (Latin: Nicolaus I; c. 800 – 13 November 867), also known as Nicholas the Great, was the bishop of Rome and leader of the Papal States from 24 April 858 until his death on 13 November 867. He is the last of the three popes listed in the Annuario Pontificio with the title "the Great", alongside Leo I and Gregory I. Nicholas is remembered as a consolidator of papal authority, exerting decisive influence on the historical development of the papacy and its position among the Christian nations of Western Europe. Nicholas I asserted that the pope should have suzerainty over all Christians, even royalty, in matters of faith and morals. Nicholas refused King Lothair II of Lotharingia's request for an annulment of his marriage to Teutberga. When a council pronounced in favor of annulment, Nicholas I declared the council deposed, its messengers excommunicated, and its decisions invalid. Despite pressure from the Carolingians, who laid siege to Rome, his decision held.
Text from the Wikipedia article Pope_Nicholas_I, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.