Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tusi (c. 995–1067), commonly known as Shaykh al-Tusi or Shaykh al-Ta'ifa, was a prominent Persian Shia scholar, jurist, mufassir, theologian and hadith compiler and traditionist. He is regarded as one of the most influential scholars in the development of Twelver Shia jurisprudence and theology and the founder of the Hawza in Najaf, the oldest and one of the most important Shia seminaries (hawza) in the world.
His major works include Tahdhib al-Ahkam and Al-Istibsar, two of the four canonical collections of hadith in Twelver Shia Islam. Al-Tusi spent much of his scholarly career in Baghdad before moving to Najaf, where he established a major center of Shia learning. In addition, he was a scholar of Usul al-Fiqh (Principles of Islamic jurisprudence) and is widely acknowledged as one of the most influential thinkers in Shia history.
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